The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.